The successful experience of using vegetarians in unheated warm Scandinavian countries has interested many summer residents. What is the peculiarity of the structure, how to build on your own site about this in detail in today's article.

What is the difference between a vegetarian and a greenhouse?

The main differences between the helioteplice from the usual design are its main advantages.

Did you know? The creator and owner of the patent for the invention of the solar vegetarium is an ordinary physics teacher, an ordinary Kiev school, Alexander Vasilievich Ivanov.

The differences are significant both in the structure and in the microclimate, which depends on the design features:

1. A vegetarium is a rectangular type structure with a flat roof, inclined at an angle of up to 20 degrees. While the greenhouse of the usual type has either an arched structure or the shape of a house.
2. One of the walls (north), the back is always capital, deaf. Often for convenience and saving space on a personal plot, a structure is built adjacent to the wall of the house. A fraction of the ideal reflection of light and heat, a blank wall is painted white or covered with foil.
3. In the greenhouse, the beds are arranged horizontally, in the solar bio-structure - by terraces, falling from the north side.
4. Thanks to this structure, additional heating is not required in a vegetarian, even night-time temperatures do not fall below + 12 ° С.
5. It does not require ventilation and additional watering (in detail below). Plants do not have to get used to the constant changes in humidity.
6. Solar heating of such a structure is more than 5 times higher, in contrast to arched structures.
7. Here you can grow all year round, even exotic crops.

How to make a do-it-yourself vegetarian restaurant using Scandinavian technology

You can find the project drawings for independent construction on the Internet and adapt it to the required sizes a little.

Materials and Tools

People experienced in the greenhouse issue do not recommend using wood as the main material for construction. In vegetarians, a special microclimate with high humidity is maintained, therefore, such a material susceptible to moisture will not last long. So, what will be needed in construction:

a) materials:

• insulation coated with foil;
• polystyrene sheets;
• fittings;
• roofing material;
• profiled pipe with parameters 20 × 20 and 40 × 40 cm;
• anticorrosion paint;
• sheets of cellular polycarbonate 4 mm and 6 mm thick;
• professional sheets;
• metal pipe;
• slate sheet;
• concrete mix;
• paving slabs;
• boards and timber;

b) tools:

• stapler;
• Boer;
• welding machine;
• screwdriver;
• Bulgarian;
• saw for metal and grinder;
• fasteners;
• wire.

Step-by-step manufacturing instructions

The dimensions of the new type of construction are determined by the financial capabilities and needs of the builder. A small building can be made adjoining a blank wall to the house, if location permits.

Construction technology:

1. They begin construction with a foundation, in our case this is a bored version. After clearing the territory, at the right points around the perimeter, a hole with a diameter of 20 cm is drilled with a drill (the quantity according to the drawing).
2. Metal pipes are inserted into the holes, with holes for fittings. The height of the pipes decreases according to the angle of inclination in the room.
3. A strong frame is constructed from reinforcing rodstying them together with a strong metal wire (picture below).
4. On the north side of the foundation, referring to the drawing, leave openings for ventilation and heating pipes.
5. Foundation formwork collected from boards and beams and poured with concrete.
6. While the building mixture hardens, collect and cook from metal components frame details.
7. Set the frame in placeare welded to the reinforcement on the foundation. The bottom for improved thermal insulation is sewn up with a professional sheet.
8. If the north wall does not fit into the wall of the house, it is sewn up with boards and polystyrene. Then using a stapler foil coating (on the inside).
9. Next, install the roof rafter system. The roof and side walls are sewn up with cellular polycarbonate. The junction of the material and the rafters under the ridge must be hermetically sealed to avoid draft.
10. It is convenient to make beds for a small design in 3 rows. The frame for box-beds is made of a metal profile, the walls are made of slate sheets. The width of the path between the beds is up to 70 cm.
11. When making leave irrigation pipe holes.
12. Paving slabsleaving grooves for pipes.
13. Final stage installation of irrigation, ventilation and heating systems.

Important! The frame must be treated with a corrosion-resistant coating for the durability of the material.

Microclimate in vegetarian

It is not difficult to build a vegetarian, the main task is the indoor climate control system.

Device for heating soil and air

In the direction of the slope of the beds, pipes are laid under the beds. The ends of the pipes from the north side are led out to the back room. Here they are combined into a distribution manifold, through ventilation holes lead to the ceiling of the room. Fans are recommended reversible with connection to the automatic machine system. In regions with particularly severe winters, heat guns, gas or electric, are additionally installed. How it works:

1. Fans pump warm air, which is distributed through the pipes throughout the room.
2. In summer, cold air passing through the same pipes cools the soil, preventing it from overheating, removes excess moisture.

Temperature control

The stable temperature in the room of the helioteplice is kept thanks to several tricks:

1. The rear wall of the structure, covered with foil or painted white, has excellent reflectivity. Heated strongly and accumulating solar heat on itself, it cools very slowly, transferring heat to the room.
2. The ducts described above are equipped with fans that turn on when necessary. The reversible course of the devices creates a forced circulation of air - blowing warm into the room and removing the chilled outside. Passing through the pipes, warm air warms the soil throughout its depth. In the summer, in the same way, air circulation goes in the opposite direction.
3. A system of curtains serves as protection against overheating, in the manner of blinds. The lower tiers of the greenhouse close, reducing heat.

Did you know? Based on the concept of a solar vegetarium in Sweden, near the Lake Vettern, a greenhouse was built with a huge botanical garden and relaxation corners for everyone who wants to be united with nature.

Air exchange and humidity

When laying air exchange pipes under the beds in their lower part, small holes are left, every 20 cm. What does it give:

1. If warm air forced by the fan collides with the cold surface of the pipe, condensation forms. Droplets of moisture flowing down the walls fall into the holes, and from them into the soil.
2. Given the depth of laying, moisture is delivered directly to the root system of plants.
3. It is known that, unlike humans, plants need carbon dioxide. Thanks to the closed system, CO2 remains in the vegetarian, participating in the processes of photosynthesis.

Important! Water, which forms as condensate, has qualities suitable for watering plants. There are no salts or acids in it, as in a water supply system.

Automatic watering and airing

When installing the entire pipe system for air exchange, sensors with a controller are installed that read temperature readings. When lowering or increasing to a critical point, the fan automatically turns on in the desired mode. Such sensors, which read the moisture level of the soil, signal the drip irrigation system.

Drip Irrigation System:

1. Two metal barrels are placed on the roof of the utility room.
2. In the first, a pipe (2) is brought in at a level of 15-20 cm from the surface and a crane with a float valve is placed; from the second, a pipe (3) is removed to drain the water when the level is crossed. The pipe (4), which connects both barrels, equalizes the water level.
3. Trunk pipes are removed 10-15 cm above the bottom of the tanks (5).
4. Tanks are equipped with drain pipes (6) and valves (7).
5. In the southern part of the structure, drain tanks are installed, also equipped with valves and sections of drain pipes.

Drip irrigation system

Scandinavian greenhouse causes a lot of controversy among plant growers. Some talk about large financial costs, but given the possibility of year-round use of the structure, it becomes clear that these costs quickly pay off.